STRUCTURE OF BODIES OF PUBLIC AUTHORITY AND ARRANGEMENT OF THEIR COMPETENCES IN THE STATE OF EMERGENCY IN THE LIGHT OF POLISH CONSTITUTIONAL REGULATIONS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62664/cpa.2024.02.01Keywords:
state of emergency, state apparatus, Polish constitutionsAbstract
The application of the institution of a state of emergency can cause a change in this normal structure of bodies and in their competencies. This is because the state is faced by tasks that require actions that go beyond this normality. These may consist of: the creation of special bodies competent only for a state of emergency, the abolition or suspension of the operation of certain bodies, the assumption of the competencies of one body by another, changes in the interdependence between bodies, and the expansion of the competencies of state authorities. Some of these changes involve taking over the role of the bodies of public power by the military. The paper presented here is an analysis of Polish constitutional and statutory solutions from the beginning of the twentieth century to the present day in terms of the stability of the structure of the organs of public authority and the arrangement of their competencies after the introduction of a state of emergency. The following constitutional acts and legislation based on them will be analyzed: Constitution of the Republic of Poland of March 17, 1921 (Journal of Laws of the Republic of Poland No. 44, item 267, as amended); Constitution of the Republic of Poland of April 23, 1935 (Journal of Laws of Republic of Poland № 30, item 227); Constitution of the People's Republic of Poland of July 22, 1952. (Journal of Laws № 33, item 232, as amended); Constitutional Law of February 19, 1947, on the Organization and Scope of Action of the Supreme Bodies of the Republic of Poland (Journal of Laws № 18, item 71, as amended); Constitutional Law of October 17, 1992. on Mutual Relations Between the Legislative and Executive Powers of the Republic of Poland and on Local Self-Government (Dz.U. № 84, item 426, as amended); Constitution of the Republic of Poland of April 2, 1997 (Dz.U. № 78, item 483 as amended). The author proves that the stability of the constitutionally and statutorily defined structure of the bodies of public authority and the arrangement of their competencies is such a precious value for the Polish legislator that in the situation of the occurrence of prerequisites justifying the introduction of a state of emergency, he hardly gives up its protection.
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